Putin offers an immediate cease fire and a "final resolution" of the conflict.
-- Ukrainian troops must leave Russian-occupied and contested territory.
-- Ukraine must remain non-nuclear.
-- Ukraine must not join NATO.
All wars end eventually.
Ukraine is a borderland. Ukraine's population and culture are stratified both south-to-north and east-to-west. Crimea and southern Ukraine were settled by Turkic people, and as one moves north from the Black Sea the population becomes Slavic. Western Ukraine is oriented toward Western Europe, while eastern Ukraine is oriented toward Russia. That eastern part of Ukraine has long had separatist movements, seeking either a transfer to Russia or autonomous federal status.
As a matter of policy, Ukraine had been attempting to unify the country in language and culture. It mandated use of Ukrainian in schools and government. A fluent speaker of Ukrainian and Russian explained to me that the two languages have about the same relationship as Spanish and Italian.
In the Russian people's mental map of the world, Ukraine is part of a Greater Russia in terms of history, language, and culture. Russians perceived the Russia centered on Moscow as Great Russia; the country that is now Belarus as "White Russia" and Ukraine as "Little Russia." Historically, Moscow's roots go back to Kiev and the period of Viking exploration and conquest. A Viking named Rurik, was the founder of the Kievan Rus dynasty, which later settled and made Moscow its capital.
Ukraine has the blessing and curse of having some of the best agricultural land in the world, plus coal and oil. Ukraine's resources, and with it access to the Black Sea and the world ocean, make the land worth fighting for and settling in. It was Soviet policy during the USSR period to encourage Russian speakers to move into the provinces of eastern Ukraine. Their children were learning Ukrainian in school, while speaking Russian at home.
Since 2012 Russian soldiers in unmarked uniforms have carried out separatist military operations in eastern Ukraine. They were simultaneously outsiders and insiders, participating alongside paramilitary groups of separatist-oriented Russian-speaking Ukrainians. The shadow war continued for a decade. Two years ago, formal Russian aggression began. Putin was thinking big. Russia would attack and control the capital, Kiev, and the whole country would collapse to be absorbed into Russia.
The Russian invasion stalled. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said he didn't need a plane out of Kiev; he needed ammunition. Ukrainians rallied. The war is now at a stalemate.
Again, eventually all wars end. Americans are inclined to see this on a template World War II history, a choice between cowardly appeasement and standing tall for democracy and the international order. Trump has complicated this notion. In Trump's view of the international order, strong countries including the U.S, Russia, and China, do what they want. Countries act in their own self interest. Rules are for losers. Trump understands Putin. Putin understands that a Trump victory will bring an end to the war, a neutralized Ukraine, Ukrainian resources, Russian speakers back into Russia, and strategic territory to protect Russia's Crimean port and naval base. That would be victory enough.
Putin's offer on the table now gives Americans a choice that will inform the 2024 election. Trump -- and increasingly Republican officeholders -- will be OK with taking the deal. American money is funding the issue of whether Russia or Ukraine controls the city of Zaporizhzhia. Americans can neither pronounce it nor find it on a map. Trump will make the case that we should not spend $100 billion a year, and risk nuclear war, to help Ukraine fight for it. Ukraine needs to be realistic, Trump will say, and if Ukraine won't be realistic, then the U.S. will be realistic for it. Choose peace.
Biden's position in support of Ukraine is currently popular, but it may not stay that way now that there is a peace offer on the table. If Trump stops talking about the 2020 election, and becomes known as the end-the-war candidate, then I suspect that he will make inroads among peace-oriented voters. They still exist.
Putin just changed the 2024 election.
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